Network slicing – Definition and meaning

What is network slicing?

Network slicing is a concept from modern network technology in which a single physical communication network is divided into several virtual sub-networks - so-called "slices". Each of these slices is designed as an independent logical network and can be customised to meet different requirements, for example in terms of performance, security or quality of service. This method is becoming increasingly important, particularly in the context of 5G mobile networks, as it enables the flexible provision of services with specific resource and security levels. While comparable approaches have already been used in the corporate environment, the further development of mobile and cloud-based applications is opening up new, dynamic deployment scenarios for network slicing. The technology supports customised network solutions - such as for industrial applications, media transmissions or security-critical services - and ensures that resources can be distributed efficiently and in a targeted manner.

Functionality and technical implementation

Network slicing focuses on the complete virtualisation of network resources. Using software-defined network architectures (SDN) and network function virtualisation (NFV), the physical infrastructure is segmented into logically separate sub-networks. These slices can be configured individually, for example in terms of bandwidth, latency, availability or security standards. While one slice is designed to control production systems with particularly low latency and high reliability, for example, another can support data-centred applications such as high-resolution video streams. Centralised management and orchestration are usually cloud-based so that capacities can be dynamically adapted to new requirements.

The operation of digital networks in stadiums provides a practical example: during major sporting events, a separate slice for media transmission can ensure high data rates, while emergency services use another, specially protected slice for mission-critical communication. At the same time, spectators have their own network segment for surfing and communicating. All these services run on the same physical network, but each application remains clearly separated from the others.

Practical fields of application and recommendations

Network slicing is particularly beneficial in an industrial context. In digitalised production environments - often in the context of Industry 4.0 - machines, sensors and control systems can be networked via specially configured slices. One segment can be set up so that time-critical control data is prioritised for transmission, while another slice ensures the transmission of production data to cloud platforms. Visitors and external service providers also have their own isolated access for Wi-Fi or visitor information, for example. Network slicing also supports the reliable and low-delay transmission of sensor data between vehicles and control centres in the field of connected mobility, such as autonomous driving.

In the healthcare sector, the technology enables the separation of sensitive patient information from general communication services and ensures stable, secure lines for telemedicine applications. Network operators use the flexibility to provide customised virtual networks to corporate customers from various sectors - from temporary guest access to shielded, high-availability network segments for critical business processes. In this way, a wide range of requirements can be addressed from a single infrastructure.

During implementation and operation, it is advisable to analyse the required capacities and the required latency and security values in advance. Centralised management platforms help to control network resources quickly and flexibly. Market players such as Ericsson and Nokia already provide market-ready systems for practical implementation. However, decision-makers should bear in mind that managing multiple slices poses additional challenges in terms of compliance and monitoring - especially in the area of critical infrastructures, it is advisable to seek support from experts with relevant experience.

Opportunities and challenges

The main advantages of network slicing lie in the more efficient use of existing resources, a wide range of customisation options and the flexible provision of services within a single infrastructure. Companies benefit by being able to tailor network-specific services precisely to their operational processes and address security requirements at the same time. In addition, new opportunities arise for the targeted development and marketing of network services for different customer and application groups.

The advantages are offset by technological and organisational challenges. The complexity of control, security and separation of the individual slices requires continuous monitoring and specialised expertise. Regulatory framework conditions - for example for equal treatment and protection of the various slices - are still in flux and present providers with additional tasks. However, with the increasing spread of 5G and the prospect of future network generations such as 6G, network slicing is developing into a central component of digital infrastructures that opens up new possibilities for many areas.